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Morus alba
''Morus alba'', known as white mulberry, is a short-lived, fast-growing, small to medium-sized mulberry tree, which grows to 10–20 m tall. The species is native to northern China, and is widely cultivated and naturalized elsewhere (United States, Mexico, Australia, Kyrgyzstan, Argentina, etc.).〔〔Suttie, J. M. (undated). FAO Report: (''Morus alba'' L. )〕〔(Flora of North America, ''Morus alba'' Linnaeus, 1753. White mulberry, Russian mulberry, silkworm mulberry, mûrier blanc, moral blanco )〕〔(Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map )〕〔(Atlas of Living Australia, ''Morus alba'' L., White Mulberry )〕〔(SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter ) photos, description, distribution map〕 It is known as shahatut शहतूत in Hindi,''Tuta'' in Sanskrit, ''Tuti'' in Marathi, ''Dut'' in Turkish and ''Toot'' in Persian in Azerbaijani and in Armenian.
The white mulberry is widely cultivated to feed the silkworms employed in the commercial production of silk. It is also notable for the rapid release of its pollen, which is launched at over half the speed of sound.
==Description==
On young, vigorous shoots, the leaves may be up to 30 cm long, and deeply and intricately lobed, with the lobes rounded. On older trees, the leaves are generally 5–15 cm long, unlobed, cordate at the base and rounded to acuminate at the tip, and serrated on the margins. The trees are generally deciduous in temperate regions, but trees grown in tropical regions can be evergreen. The flowers are single-sex catkins; male catkins are 2–3.5 cm long, and female catkins 1–2 cm long. Male and female flowers are usually on separate trees although they may occur on the same tree.〔( Schaffner, John H. 1919. The nature of the diecious condition in ''Morus alba'' and ''Salix amygdaloides''. Ohio Journal of Science 18: 101-125. )〕〔( Purdue University. Center for New Crops & Plant Products. NewCROP: ''Morus alba''. )〕 The fruit is 1–2.5 cm long; in the species in the wild it is deep purple, but in many cultivated plants it varies from white to pink; it is sweet but bland, unlike the more intense flavor of the red mulberry and black mulberry. The seeds are widely dispersed in the droppings of birds that eat the fruit.〔〔〔Bean, W. J. (1978). ''Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles''. John Murray ISBN 0-7195-2256-0.〕
The white mulberry is scientifically notable for the rapid plant movement involved in pollen release from its catkins. The stamens act as catapults, releasing stored elastic energy in just 25 µs. The resulting movement is approximately , over half the speed of sound, making it the fastest known movement in the plant kingdom.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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